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<title>Transistor array</title>
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<p><b>Transistor arrays</b> consist of two or more transistors on a common <a href="Wafer_(electronics)" title="Wafer (electronics)">substrate</a>. Unlike more highly <a href="Integrated_circuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated circuits">integrated circuits</a>, the transistors can be used individually like discrete transistors. That is, the transistors in the array are not connected to each other to implement a specific function. Transistor arrays can consist of <a href="Bipolar_junction_transistor" title="Bipolar junction transistor">bipolar junction transistors</a> or <a href="Field-effect_transistor" title="Field-effect transistor">field-effect transistors</a>. There are three main motivations for combining several transistors on one chip and in one package:<sup id="cite_ref-ia28_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ia28-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<ol><li>to ensure closely matching parameters between the transistors (which is almost guaranteed when the transistors on one chip are manufactured simultaneously and subject to identical manufacturing process variations)</li>
<li>to ensure a closely matching thermal drift of parameters between the transistors (which is achieved by having the transistors on a common substrate, and in extremely close proximity)</li>
<li>to save <a href="Circuit_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit board">circuit board</a> space and to reduce board production cost (only one component needs to be populated instead of several)</li></ol>
<p>The matching parameters and thermal drift are crucial for various <a href="Analogue_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Analogue circuit">analogue circuits</a> such as <a href="Differential_amplifier" title="Differential amplifier">differential amplifiers</a>, <a href="Current_mirror" title="Current mirror">current mirrors</a>, and <a href="Log_amplifier" title="Log amplifier">log amplifiers</a>.
</p><p>The reduction in circuit board area is particularly significant for digital circuits where several switching transistors are combined in one package. Often the transistors here are <a href="Darlington_transistor" title="Darlington transistor">Darlington pairs</a> with a common emitter and <a href="Flyback_diode" title="Flyback diode">flyback diodes</a>, e.g. <a href="ULN2003A" title="ULN2003A">ULN2003A</a>. While this stretches the above definition of a transistor array somewhat, the term is still commonly applied.
</p><p>A peculiarity of transistor arrays is that the substrate is often available as a separate pin (labelled <i>substrate</i>, <i>bulk</i>, or <i>ground</i>). Care is required when connecting the substrate in order to maintain isolation between the transistors in the array as <a href="P%E2%80%93n_junction_isolation" title="P–n junction isolation">p–n junction isolation</a> is usually used. For instance, for an array of NPN transistors, the substrate must be connected to the most negative voltage in the circuit.<sup id="cite_ref-ia28_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ia28-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-ia28-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ia28_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ia28_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFDieter_Jung1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dieter Jung (1985-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datasheet.datasheetarchive.com/originals/scans/Scans-048/DSAGER000120.pdf"><i>Transistorarrays</i></a> [<i>Transistor Arrays</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). <a href="Halbleiterwerk_Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt (Oder)">Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt (Oder)</a>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/315025453">315025453</a>.</cite></span>
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